For
Balinese Hindu New Year always begins after Tilem Caka Kesanga (IX), so Hari
Raya Nyepi is a new year. Why the turn of the year
begins after the expiration month kesanga( IX) ?, But one year there were 12
months according to calendar calculations. Besides Bali calendar
recognizes one year there were 12 months ie Kedasa, Jiyestha, Sada, Kasa,
Karo, katiga, Kapat, Kalima, Kenem, Kepitu, Kaulu, Kesanga. Why Caka year begins
from kedasa?.
This is because the notion of numbers. Hindus especially in Bali
admitted that the highest number is the number 9 (sanga). While the number ten is
actually a repetition rate which consists of the numbers 1 and 0 (number ten
letters of Bali). Similarly, the number eleven is the number of replications 1 and
1, as well as the number twelve (12) and so forth. It's all repetition rates
again. While the number nine said to be a number of mystical (magic)
because the only numbers when multiplied by the number, except zero or
fractional numbers, the numbers will show abnormalities of the other figures. Because one number among the
numbers one to nine when multiplied by the number nine, the result of
multiplication is then added together would produce nine for example:
9 X 4 = 36 (3 +6 = 9)
9 X 5 = 45 (4 +5 = 9)
9
X 6 = 54 (5 + 4= 9) and so on
Then compare with:
7 x 7 = 49 (4 +9 = 13)
7 x 8 = 56 (5 +6 = 11) and so on.
Then the number Nine is also revered by Hindus in conjunction
with Dewata Nawa Sanga is the god who controls the nine directions of the
compass that is the god Iswara (east), the god Mahesora (southeast), Brahma
(south), the god Rudra (Southwest), Dewayne Mahadeva (west), the god Sangkara
(northwest), Vishnu (north), the god Sambu (northeast), Lord Shiva (the
middle)
Besides, the number nine is also associated with a number of
holes which are owned by the human body that is 7 in the head and 2 in the
bottom, while the navel (pungsed not a hole). That's why we know the name
dwara (9 holes in our body.)
Then
if it is connected sasih Kesanga with sun position and circumstances seasons
in Indonesia, is a blend of understanding and a very complex calculation.
Kesanga according to the calculation of Bali will fall in March, the
calculation of AD, where this month we are especially in Indonesia will see
the sun right in the middle of the equator for the next go or move to Northern
latitude. Hindus believe that the North direction is upstream (sacred). Therefore, at times the sun
is on the north latitude, ritual ceremony is held. In the story Bhismaparwa
where Bhagawan Bhishma after collapsing on the battlefield by Heroine yet
also want to exhale her last breath, because waiting until the sun was in
northern latitudes (Utarayana). Besides the North, the East
is also the direction of the sacred, because that blend East and North
direction is called Airsanya (northeast) is the holiest direction so that the
building Padmasana (the shrine of Ida Sang Hyang Widhi(God)) took the
position direction Northeast (Airsanya). Calculation of Hindus,
especially in Bali is so completely and cover various aspects, both aspects
of number, amount, direction, and also the god of seasons. As we all know that in Bali,
especially known for two (2) The dominant season is summer and rainy season. With the shifting of the sun
to the northern verge, then the spring and summer would be welcome, where the
rainy season and the hurricane has passed. Of the twelve (12) months
which is owned balinese Hindus in Bali, distributed over two parts, namely
kedasa months until the kalima are "month to the god", while starting from
keenem until Kesanga are the "months to bhuta", where kedasa months until the
fifth month the sun is on the verge of north , while from the moon keenem
until Kesanga the sun is in the southern equator. The longer the wild air is
getting dirty, due to human activities and other creatures that live in this
world so the world becomes soiled by human toxins and other creatures. So with the start of the New
Year which starts from the month Caka kedasa as if we stepped on the new
nature with an atmosphere that is clean, but month after month air this
universe more and more polluted, so there should be clean by using mecaru
ritual. (Caru ). Caru meaning it is clean or harmonize. From the kedasa until kalima
our natural is still clean, but starting from keenem,we have to be classified
dirty, and more and more dirty by the end of Kesanga which is the culmination
of this defilement. Therefore from the start of
the month keenem we have started vigilant because starting from this month's
challenges and temptations will be increasingly getting bigger. First of all will be marked
with the transition periode of summer and then rain, when the sun floating to
north latitude is the start of the nangluk merana ceremonies (misery
destroyer) for the safety of the
plants from dangers and disasters. Then we increased the sasih
kepitu, where the darkmoon at month Tilem kepitu is the darkest moon. Balinese Hindu must
strengthen the faith of the coming disaster and the temptations. In Tilem kepitu people are
encouraged to do yoga meditation, and we are familiar with the ceremony Ciwa
Ratri. Sasih kaulu we already hit by heavy rain, wind seized, lightning
and so forth, the more sick people, and finally the culmination of everything
that falls in the month Kesanga. So from the months keenem with nanglukmerana ceremony,
we have started to be aware of the consequences of dirty air by holding Mecaru
ceremonies,On the month kepitu Balinese Hindu pray The Lord Shiva for the
human race safety and welfare.And with the coming sasih kaulu and Kesanga
which is a bigger disaster on humans, plants and animals that we have. The effect of this dirty air
before Kesanga will be marked by strife, conflict, disease and physical
passions ablaze, the rapid rise of blood in recent months, even the lust dog
which it periodically in the months of this horrible howling chilling as a
sign of longing for her lover. In this Kesanga Tilem tawur
or Caru ceremony held simultaneously in all corners of the island of Bali, to
neutralize the forces of nature, to become calm again.
The next day or the day after pengerupukan mecaru, then came
time for holiday Nyepi where it outwardly, one should not satisfying desires
In
accordance with Sundarigama scripture, during Nyepi day person must do Catur
Brata Penyepian namely:
Amati geni,not light fire
in
this context fire also means electric current,so on this day Bali should be
with no lamp and no rice cooking.
Fire also means sexual libido, so On The Nyepi day Balinese should
not think about sexual desire
Amati Karya, not do the work
(no work)
Amati lelungan (no travel)
Amati lelanguan (no
indulgence)
Nyepi or Sipeng spiritually means meditating or silence of
thoughts and feelings to stop all activities (clearing all memories good and
bad), evaluate yourself how much good deeds we can proceed, and how much
error (bad deeds) which need to be improved and corrected in the new year to
come. Because the next day Ngembak Geni (Start lighting fire), we have to
fill with new activities and new attitude at the beginning of the new year. Because without starting from
a blank we will not be able to make calculations and planning as well as the
new program. So the essence of Nyepi
is that we start everything with zero as if we start a new life at the
beginning of the new year.
Notes
Nyepi
: silence
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